Directors

Julie Bowen Net Worth

Julie Bowen is an American actress, director, and producer. She is best known for her roles as Carol Vessey on ‘Ed’ (2000–2004), Denise Bauer on ‘Boston Legal’ (2005–2007), and Claire Dunphy on ‘Modern Family’ (2009–2020). Her performance on ‘Modern Family’ earned her two Primetime Emmy Awards. Bowen has also appeared in several films, including ‘Happy Gilmore’ (1996), ‘Multiplicity’ (1996), and ‘Horrible Bosses’ (2011). Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Julie attended Brown University, where she majored in Italian Renaissance studies. Before her success on ‘Modern Family,’ Bowen steadily built her career with roles in various TV series and films. She gained significant recognition for her comedic timing and portrayal of relatable characters. In addition to acting, Julie has also directed and produced content, showcasing her versatility in the entertainment industry. She has become one of TV’s highest-paid actresses and has diversified her income through ventures like a cosmetics business.

David Dobrik Net Worth

Dávid Julián Dobrík is a Slovak-American internet personality, YouTuber, streamer, and vlogger. He was born on July 23, 1996, in Košice, Slovakia, and moved to Vernon Hills, Illinois, at the age of six. Dobrik found early success on the video-sharing platform Vine before starting his vlog on YouTube in 2015. He is known for being the leader of the YouTube ensemble The Vlog Squad. Dobrik co-founded the photography app Dispo in 2019. Dobrik’s content is known for its high-energy comedy. He has also hosted and co-hosted numerous TV shows. In November 2022, he launched Los Angeles restaurant Doughbrik’s Pizza. In January 2025, Dobrik announced his return to vlogging after a nearly 3-year hiatus. He has over 45 million followers on his various social platforms.

Sean Lennon Net Worth

Sean Taro Ono Lennon is a British-American musician, songwriter, and producer. Born in New York City on October 9, 1975, he is the son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Following in his father’s footsteps, Sean pursued a music career and has become a respected figure in the industry. He has been a member of bands such as Cibo Matto, The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger, and the Plastic Ono Band. Sean has also released two solo albums, ‘Into the Sun’ and ‘Friendly Fire’. Beyond performing, he is a sought-after producer and runs his own record label, Chimera Music, from Manhattan. Additionally, Sean has composed film scores and collaborated with various artists. Recently, Sean has taken on more responsibilities related to his father’s legacy, including overseeing companies linked to John Lennon and The Beatles.

Idris Elba Net Worth

Idrissa Akuna Elba, born on September 6, 1972, is a British actor, producer, singer, rapper, and DJ. He was born in Hackney, London, England. Elba’s father is from Sierra Leone, and his mother is from Ghana. He first gained attention in the late 1990s with his television roles in the UK. His breakthrough came with the critically acclaimed HBO series ‘The Wire’ (2002-2004), where his portrayal of Stringer Bell earned him international recognition. Following ‘The Wire,’ Elba’s career surged, showcasing his range across various genres. He starred in the lead role of DCI John Luther in the BBC series ‘Luther’ (2010-2019), a performance that won him a Golden Globe and earned multiple Emmy nominations. He has also starred in films such as ‘American Gangster’, ‘Thor’, ‘Prometheus’, ‘Pacific Rim’, and ‘Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom’. Beyond acting, Elba has a successful music career as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis and a hip-hop soul recording artist.

Soleil Moon Frye Net Worth

Soleil Moon Frye is an American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter with a net worth of $5 million. She began her acting career at the age of two, inspired by her father, veteran actor Virgil Frye, and her brother, Meeno Peluce. Her career took off quickly, and by age eight, she gained international recognition as the title character in the NBC sitcom ‘Punky Brewster,’ which aired from 1984 to 1988. The show became a pop culture phenomenon, particularly through reruns. In the 1990s, she appeared in various films and, in 2000, joined the cast of ‘Sabrina, the Teenage Witch’ as Roxie King. Besides acting, Frye directed the documentary ‘Sonny Boy’ in 2004, chronicling a trip with her father, who suffered from Alzheimer’s disease. Outside of her entertainment career, Soleil also co-owned The Little Seed, an environmentally-conscious children’s boutique in Los Angeles.

Josh Radnor Net Worth

Joshua Thomas Radnor, born on July 29, 1974, is an American actor, filmmaker, author, and musician. He is widely recognized for his portrayal of Ted Mosby in the CBS sitcom ‘How I Met Your Mother’ (2005–2014). Radnor attended Kenyon College where he became involved with the school’s theater department and earned a Bachelor of Arts in drama. He furthered his education at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, obtaining a Master of Fine Arts degree in acting in 1999. His theater career began in 2002 when he joined the cast of Broadway production ‘The Graduate’. In 2005, Radnor made his breakthrough with How I Met Your Mother. Beyond acting, Radnor marked his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy-drama film ‘Happythankyoumoreplease,’ for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award. In 2012, he wrote, directed, and starred in his second film, ‘Liberal Arts,’ which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.

Dave Grohl Net Worth

David Eric Grohl, born on January 14, 1969, is an American rock musician, singer, songwriter, and director. He is best known as the frontman and guitarist for the Foo Fighters and as the former drummer for Nirvana. Grohl’s career began in the hardcore punk band Dain Bramage before he rose to prominence as the drummer of Nirvana, contributing to the band’s massive success with the album ‘Nevermind,’ which sold over 30 million copies in the United States alone. Following Kurt Cobain’s death in 1994, Grohl formed the Foo Fighters, where he transitioned to the role of frontman. The Foo Fighters have since become a highly successful rock band, selling over 30 million albums worldwide and consistently ranking as one of the highest-grossing touring acts. A key aspect of the Foo Fighters’ financial success is that Dave Grohl owns the masters to all of their albums, licensing them to Sony/BMG while maintaining 100% ownership of their catalog. In addition to his work with Nirvana and Foo Fighters, Grohl has also been involved in various other musical projects and collaborations, further solidifying his place as a prominent figure in the rock music scene.

John Mellencamp Net Worth

John Mellencamp is an American rock singer-songwriter, musician, painter, and actor, known for his heartland rock style and hits that often reflect the struggles and triumphs of the common person. Emerging in the late 1970s, Mellencamp initially gained fame under the stage name Johnny Cougar before embracing his real name. He has sold over 40 million albums worldwide and has achieved 22 Top 40 hits in the United States. Mellencamp’s music often explores themes of small-town life, social issues, and personal relationships, resonating with a broad audience. Beyond music, he has also ventured into acting, directing, and painting, showcasing his diverse artistic talents. He has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, winning one, cementing his place as a respected and influential figure in American rock music. Mellencamp resides in Bloomington, Indiana, and has properties in South Carolina and New York City.

Samantha Brown Net Worth

Samantha Elizabeth Brown, born on March 31, 1970, is an American television host. She is primarily known for her extensive work on the Travel Channel, hosting shows such as ‘Girl Meets Hawaii,’ ‘Great Vacation Homes,’ ‘Great Hotels,’ ‘Passport to Europe,’ and ‘Samantha Brown’s Asia.’ More recently, she hosts ‘Samantha Brown’s Places to Love’ on PBS, showcasing various destinations and experiences. Brown spent her formative years growing up in New Castle, New Hampshire. She attended Chapman University before transferring to Syracuse University, where she studied musical theater. Before her travel career, she appeared in commercials, and also launched her own line of travel luggage called Samantha Brown: Travel America.

Christy Turlington Net Worth

Christy Nicole Turlington Burns (born January 2, 1969) is an American-Salvadoran fashion model, activist, filmmaker, and businesswoman. She gained fame in the late 1980s and 1990s as a supermodel, becoming one of the faces of Calvin Klein and Maybelline. Grace Coddington, the long-time creative director of American Vogue magazine, has described Turlington as ‘the most beautiful woman in the world.’ Beyond modeling, Turlington is known for her humanitarian work, particularly in maternal health. She founded Every Mother Counts, an organization dedicated to making pregnancy and childbirth safe for every mother. She also directed the maternal health documentary ‘No Woman, No Cry’. Turlington’s career extends beyond the runway; she has launched clothing lines with Puma, a skincare line (Sundari), and has appeared in music videos, including Duran Duran’s ‘Notorious’ and George Michael’s ‘Freedom!’

Keshia Knight Pulliam Net Worth

Keshia Knight Pulliam is an American actress best known for her role as Rudy Huxtable on the iconic NBC sitcom “The Cosby Show” (1984–1992). Born on April 9, 1979, in Newark, New Jersey, she began her career as a child actor and quickly rose to fame. At the age of 6, Keshia became the youngest actress ever nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Beyond “The Cosby Show,” Pulliam has continued to work in television and film, including a starring role in “Tyler Perry’s House of Payne” (2007-present), where she played Miranda Lucas-Payne. She has also appeared in movies such as “Madea Goes to Jail”. Keshia attended Rutgers Preparatory School and graduated from Foxcroft School in 1997. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from Spelman College (2001). She has two children. She and her husband, Brad James, welcomed their son, Knight, in April 2023. The Cosby Show actress is also mom to daughter Ella, 7, whom she shares with her ex-husband, Ed Hartwell.

Fred Durst Net Worth

William Frederick Durst (born Frederick Allen Mayne III; August 20, 1970) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and director. He is best known as the frontman and lyricist of the nu metal band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994, with whom he has released six studio albums. Beyond his music career, Durst has also ventured into filmmaking, directing movies such as ‘The Education of Charlie Banks’ and ‘The Longshots’. Durst’s career has been marked by both success and controversy. Limp Bizkit achieved multi-platinum status with albums that resonated with a generation, while Durst’s public persona often stirred debate. In addition to his work in music and film, Durst briefly held a position as president at Interscope Records. He was born in Gastonia, North Carolina, and grew up in Jacksonville, Florida, where he developed an interest in break dancing, punk rock, hip hop, and heavy metal.

David Duchovny Net Worth

David William Duchovny, born on August 7, 1960, is a multifaceted American talent renowned as an actor, writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He garnered widespread recognition for his portrayal of FBI agent Fox Mulder in the hit television series ‘The X-Files’ and as writer Hank Moody in ‘Californication,’ both of which earned him Golden Globe Awards. Duchovny’s career extends to film, with appearances in ‘The X-Files’ movies. He also executive-produced and starred in the cop drama ‘Aquarius’. Before acting, he pursued higher education, earning degrees from Princeton and Yale, with initial aspirations toward an academic career in English Literature. Duchovny’s contributions to the entertainment industry have solidified his status as a versatile and accomplished artist.

Justin Baldoni Net Worth

Justin Baldoni is an American actor and director with a net worth of $6 million. He is known for his role as Rafael Solano in The CW’s hit series “Jane the Virgin.” Baldoni has evolved into an acclaimed director, producer, and social entrepreneur. Through his production company, Wayfarer Studios, he develops projects that inspire social change and promote authentic storytelling. He co-created the documentary series “My Last Days,” which became a popular YouTube series. Baldoni made his feature film directorial debut with “Five Feet Apart” in 2019. In 2024, he directed and acted in “It Ends With Us.” In 2013, Justin Baldoni founded Wayfarer Entertainment, a company focused on creating inspiring content. In 2019, the company was valued at $10 million. Three years later, Billionaire Steve Sarowitz invested $125 million in the company.

Dan Schneider Net Worth

Daniel James Schneider, born on January 14, 1966, is an American television producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for creating and producing numerous successful children’s shows on Nickelodeon from 1994 to 2019, including ‘All That,’ ‘The Amanda Show,’ ‘Drake & Josh,’ ‘iCarly,’ ‘Victorious,’ and ‘Zoey 101.’ His most popular show was arguably ‘iCarly,’ which ran for seven seasons. Schneider began his career as an actor, appearing in minor roles in teen comedy films during the 1980s. In 2003, he founded his production company, Schneider’s Bakery. He ultimately parted ways with Nickelodeon in 2018. Dan Schneider’s shows have significantly impacted the landscape of children’s television, launching the careers of many young actors and shaping the entertainment preferences of a generation.

Carrie Preston Net Worth

Carrie Preston (born June 21, 1967) is an American actress, director, and producer. She began her acting career in community theater at the age of eight and later graduated from the Juilliard School’s Drama Division. Preston made her screen debut in the movie ‘Just a Friend’ in 1985. She is best known for her roles as Arlene Fowler in the HBO fantasy drama series ‘True Blood’ (2008–2014), Elsbeth Tascioni in the CBS legal drama series ‘The Good Wife’ (2010–2016) and the spinoff series ‘The Good Fight’ (2017–2022) and ‘Elsbeth’ (2024–present). She has also appeared in the CBS crime drama series ‘Person of Interest’ (2012–2016), the NBC comedy series ‘Crowded’ (2016), and the TNT crime drama series ‘Claws’ (2017–2022). Her film credits include ‘My Best Friend’s Wedding’, ‘Transamerica’, ‘Vicky Cristina Barcelona’, and ‘Doubt’.

Tyler Perry Net Worth

Tyler Perry, born Emmitt Perry Jr. on September 13, 1969, is an American actor, director, playwright, and producer. He is widely recognized as one of the most financially successful directors in the entertainment industry. Perry’s career spans over 30 movies, 20 stage productions, and numerous TV shows. He is the creator and performer of the character Mabel “Madea” Simmons. Perry’s early life was challenging, marked by a difficult relationship with his father and instances of abuse. Inspired by Oprah Winfrey, he began writing, which led to his first musical, ‘I Know I’ve Been Changed’. Despite initial setbacks and a period of homelessness, Perry persevered, eventually achieving success with his plays and films. He owns Tyler Perry Studios, one of the largest film and television studios in the United States. Perry’s work often incorporates themes relevant to the African American community, and he is known for his self-made success in the entertainment world.

Ricky Schroder Net Worth

Richard Bartlett Schroder, born on April 13, 1970, also known as Rick Schroder, is an American actor and film director. He began his career as a child actor, gaining recognition as Ricky Schroder. He made his film debut in The Champ (1979) and later starred in the sitcom Silver Spoons (1982–87). As an adult, he continued acting, often credited as Rick Schroder, with notable roles in the Western miniseries Lonesome Dove (1989) and the police drama series NYPD Blue (1998–2001). Besides acting, Schroder has directed films and has been involved in real estate. He and his former wife flipped properties, including a 15,000-acre ranch in Colorado and homes in Scottsdale, Arizona, and Topanga, California.

John Williams Net Worth

John Williams is a highly accomplished American composer, conductor, and pianist. With a career spanning over seven decades, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest film composers of all time. He is renowned for his iconic scores for numerous blockbuster movies, including “Jaws,” the “Star Wars” saga, “Superman,” the “Indiana Jones” series, and the “Harry Potter” films. Beyond his film work, Williams has composed numerous classical concertos and served as the principal conductor for the Boston Pops Orchestra from 1980 to 1993, after which he was named Laureate Conductor. His contributions to the world of music have earned him numerous accolades, including five Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, seven British Academy Film Awards, and twenty-five Grammy Awards. Williams’s ability to evoke emotion and enhance storytelling through his music has made him a beloved figure in the film industry and a true icon of American music.

Iliza Shlesinger Net Worth

Iliza Shlesinger is an American comedian, actress, television host, writer, and producer. She gained significant recognition after winning NBC’s ‘Last Comic Standing’ in 2008, becoming the first woman and the youngest winner in the show’s history. This victory launched her career, leading to numerous comedy specials, television appearances, and acting roles. Shlesinger has released several comedy specials on Netflix, including ‘War Paint,’ ‘Freezing Hot,’ and ‘Elder Millennial’. Netflix also gave Iliza her own series, ‘The Iliza Shlesinger Sketch Show,’ which debuted in April 2020. She hosted shows like ‘Excused’ and ‘Truth & Iliza’, and has acted in films such as ‘Spenser Confidential’. Shlesinger is also an author, having written books like ‘Girl Logic: The Genius and the Absurdity.’ She was born on February 22, 1983, in New York City, and was raised in Dallas, Texas. She is known for her sharp humor, engaging performances, and addressing societal issues in her comedy.

Micky Dolenz Net Worth

George Michael Dolenz Jr., better known as Micky Dolenz, is an American actor, musician, and radio personality. Born on March 8, 1945, in Los Angeles, California, he began his career as a child actor, starring in the TV series “Circus Boy” in the 1950s under the name Mickey Braddock. However, he is most famous as the drummer and one of the lead vocalists for the pop rock band The Monkees, which rose to fame in the 1960s through their television series. Dolenz’s distinctive voice powered many of The Monkees’ biggest hits, including “I’m a Believer,” “Pleasant Valley Sunday,” and “Last Train to Clarksville.” He is the last surviving member of the band. After The Monkees, Dolenz continued to work in television, including directing shows in the UK, and has appeared in theatrical productions and released solo albums. He also runs a custom furniture business with his daughter.

Owen Wilson Net Worth

Owen Wilson is an American actor, producer, and screenwriter with a net worth of $70 million. He began his career with the independent film “Bottle Rocket,” which he co-wrote with Wes Anderson. He continued his work with Anderson, starring in and co-writing “Rushmore.” After a period where Hollywood seemed unsure how to market him, he found success in comedic roles, particularly with “Shanghai Noon” alongside Jackie Chan. He also co-wrote and co-starred in “The Royal Tenenbaums,” solidifying his place in Hollywood. Since then, he has starred in numerous successful films, including “Zoolander,” “Shanghai Knights,” “Meet the Fockers,” “Wedding Crashers,” and “Midnight in Paris.” Wilson is known for his association with Wes Anderson and his appearances in “Frat Pack” movies with actors like Ben Stiller, Luke Wilson, and Vince Vaughn. He has also voiced Lightning McQueen in the Disney-Pixar “Cars” franchise.

Dwight Yoakam Net Worth

Dwight Yoakam is an American singer-songwriter, actor, and film director. He is best known for his pioneering influence on country music,setting himself apart from mainstream Nashville trends with his unique style of ‘hillbilly’ music. Beyond his musical achievements, Yoakam has starred in several films, including ‘Sling Blade,’ ‘The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada,’ and ‘Crank,’ often collaborating with Billy Bob Thornton and Tommy Lee Jones. He also co-wrote, produced, and starred in ‘South of Heaven, West of Hell.’ Yoakam’s multifaceted career has solidified his place as a prominent figure in both the music and film industries.

Shawn Levy Net Worth

Shawn Adam Levy is a Canadian-American filmmaker, actor, and producer. Born on July 23, 1968, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, he is the founder of 21 Laps Entertainment. Levy began his career as an actor before transitioning to directing. He gained recognition for directing comedies such as “Big Fat Liar,” “Just Married,” “Cheaper by the Dozen,” and “The Pink Panther.” He further achieved success with the “Night at the Museum” film franchise. More recently, Levy has been acclaimed for producing the Netflix series “Stranger Things.” His films have grossed a collective $3.5 billion worldwide. In December 2017, he signed a multi-year production deal with Netflix.

Seth Green Net Worth

Seth Benjamin Green (born February 8, 1974) is an American actor, voice artist, comedian, writer, director, and producer. He began acting at the age of 7 and made his film debut in the comedy-drama ‘The Hotel New Hampshire’ (1984). He gained recognition through supporting roles in various comedy films throughout the 1980s and later for his roles as Scott Evil in the ‘Austin Powers’ film series and as the voice of Chris Griffin on the animated TV show ‘Family Guy’. Green is also known for creating and producing the stop-motion comedy series ‘Robot Chicken’. His diverse career has led him to amass a significant net worth through acting, producing, and smart investments, including forays into NFTs.

Drew Barrymore Net Worth

Drew Barrymore is an American actress, author, talk show host, director, and producer. Born into a family of actors, she achieved stardom early in life with roles in films like ‘E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,’ ‘Firestarter,’ and ‘Irreconcilable Differences.’ Her early exposure to adult life led to a tumultuous childhood. Despite these challenges, Barrymore has achieved significant success in Hollywood. Barrymore made about $15 million per film at the peak of her acting career. After getting paid $500,000 for “Donnie Darko,” she commanded a $3 million salary for “Ever After” in 1998, and in 2000 for the “Charlie’s Angels” films she was paid $9 million and $14 million respectively. In 2023, she was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine.

Rowan Atkinson Net Worth

Rowan Sebastian Atkinson, born on January 6, 1955, is a highly acclaimed English actor, comedian, and writer, celebrated as one of the masters of physical comedy. He gained widespread recognition for his iconic character, Mr. Bean, a role that showcased his unique ability to create humor through slapstick and visual gags. Beyond Mr. Bean, Atkinson has demonstrated his versatility in numerous roles, including Edmund Blackadder in the sitcom ‘Blackadder’ and the bumbling spy Johnny English in the film series of the same name. Atkinson’s career began with the BBC sketch comedy show ‘Not the Nine O’Clock News’, where he honed his skills as a writer and performer. He attended Newcastle University and Oxford University, earning degrees in electrical engineering, but his passion for acting led him to pursue a career in comedy. He has appeared in various films, including ‘The Lion King’ (voice of Zazu), ‘Four Weddings and a Funeral,’ and ‘Love Actually’. Atkinson’s talent extends to the theater, where he has performed in productions like ‘Oliver!’ and ‘Quarantine’s Terms.’ He is also known for his love of cars, owning an impressive collection of luxury sports cars. Rowan Atkinson’s contributions to comedy have solidified his place as a beloved figure in the entertainment industry.

Ralph Macchio Net Worth

Ralph George Macchio Jr., born on November 4, 1961, is an American actor who gained widespread recognition for his role as Daniel LaRusso in ‘The Karate Kid’ film series and the sequel television series ‘Cobra Kai’. Macchio’s career began with television commercials in the late 1970s before landing a role in the comedy movie ‘Up the Academy’ in 1980. He then secured a recurring role in the television series ‘Eight Is Enough’. His performance as Johnny Cade in ‘The Outsiders’ further solidified his presence in the industry. However, it was his lead role in ‘The Karate Kid’ in 1984 that catapulted him to stardom. The film’s success led to two sequels, with Macchio reprising his role in both. Beyond the ‘Karate Kid’ franchise, Macchio has appeared in films such as ‘Crossroads’ and ‘My Cousin Vinny,’ In recent years, Macchio has experienced a career resurgence with ‘Cobra Kai,’ where he revisits his iconic character, Daniel LaRusso. The series has allowed him to explore new dimensions of the character, portraying Daniel as a successful businessman and family man while grappling with moral complexities.

Judd Apatow Net Worth

Judd Apatow is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and comedian known for his significant contributions to comedy films and television. Born on December 6, 1967, Apatow’s career began with an early interest in comedy, leading him to wash dishes at a comedy club and host a radio show in high school where he interviewed comedians. He founded Apatow Productions in 1999, which produced the TV series ‘Freaks and Geeks’. Apatow is celebrated for directing films such as ‘The 40-Year-Old Virgin,’ ‘Knocked Up,’ and ‘Funny People.’ He’s also known for his work on television shows like ‘Girls,’ ‘Love,’ and ‘Crashing.’ He is married to actress Leslie Mann, and they frequently collaborate on projects. Apatow’s work often explores themes of relationships and personal growth, blending humor with poignant moments. He has received Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. He is considered a major figure in contemporary comedy.

Lin-Manuel Miranda Net Worth

Lin-Manuel Miranda (born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, actor, singer, filmmaker, rapper, and librettist, best known for creating the Broadway musicals ‘In the Heights’ (2005) and ‘Hamilton’ (2015). His work blends modern musical forms with classic musical theater. Miranda has also contributed to the soundtracks of Disney’s ‘Moana’ (2016) and ‘Encanto’ (2021). He has received numerous accolades, including a Pulitzer Prize, three Tony Awards, two Laurence Olivier Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and five Grammy Awards. Miranda was born in New York City to parents of Puerto Rican origin. He grew up in a Hispanic neighborhood in Manhattan, surrounded by the sounds of salsa and show tunes. He attended Hunter College Elementary School and Hunter College High School. Miranda is a multifaceted talent who has made a significant impact on the entertainment industry, known for his innovative and culturally relevant works.